The Role of Dynamic Factors and Static Criminal History Assignment Paper
The Role of Dynamic Factors and Static Criminal History Assignment Paper
- Explain the role of the case manager in monitoring and evaluating services.
- Describe the process for evaluating outcomes and determining future services.
- Identify the components of a psychological report
- Examine the role of dynamic factors and static criminal history in case management.
- Describe the three ways in which a social history may appear in a case file.
- Why are there times when case managers have to perform multiple roles?
- Describe complexities of the case with Juan Ruiz. (in chapter)
- Name the components of a budget.
- Name the two steps that list. The Role of Dynamic Factors and Static Criminal History Assignment Paper
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The Role of Dynamic Factors and Static Criminal History Assignment Paper
CHAPTER ONE Introduction to Case Management Surviving and Thriving as a Case Manager Ellen The agency I work for is located in the northwestern United States. We serve all age ranges. It is a community mental health center. The center has several different campuses across the county. I believe they serve around 18,000 people: children, adults and older adults. And the programs that they offer are quite extensive. They have counseling services, forensic services, housing and rehabilitation, case management, intensive case management, and then different psycho-educational sorts of things they do as a group. I had two positions within the agency. It is not unusual to stay in an agency and assume a new position. At first I worked for a program that provided extended support and we provided intensive case management to adults and older adults who were chronically mentally ill. So I worked with a lot of folks who had psychotic disorders and anxiety and depression that were living mostly in adult family homes in the community, which are small residential facilities. They have twenty-four–hour care within the homes and so my role as a case manager was to go to those homes a few times a week to do just case management things. The case manager’s job is to make sure clients are thriving in their environment, and everyone is safe and healthy. The Role of Dynamic Factors and Static Criminal History Assignment Paper I worked in that position for about two years and I carried a caseload of between 20 and 30 people at any given time. We spent a lot of time traveling between houses. And then with the shifts in the budget, I transferred to a different position. I worked in one of the adult community support clinics in the south side of the county. At that particular clinic I was a case manager. Most of our clients would come to us. These clients were more capable of managing public transportation in order to make it to appointments, but they were still very much mentally ill. They had other marginalizing sorts of issues: housing issues, financial issues. —Permission granted from Ellen Carruth, 2012, text from unpublished interview I n this agency we focus on meeting the needs of individuals and their families. The individuals, our clients, have difficult medical diagnoses and our goal is to allow them to live in their homes. In additional, all of our clients have other needs, reflecting social, educational, financial, and other family concerns. Meeting these multiple needs requires service coordination. We provide services that meet the specific needs of each client. And we involve the client and the families in service delivery. Coordination and integration support the management process. Sometimes professionals working in mental health and developmental disabilities do not understand how to work together to serve a single client. We provide the bridge. —Case manager, children’s services, New York, NY T he agency I work for helps adolescent females. It would be difficult to describe the average client. Our clients come from various economic circumstances and they present very different issues. For some, they have resided in state custody for a number of years and they need short-term housing. For others, they are in crisis and parents or guardians either asked for help or the court referred them. Some are homeless. The girls can stay at this facility for as long as fourteen to thirty days, depending upon who provides the payment. In this agency we offer an array of services including individual and family therapy, psycho-educational groups, and a mental health assessment. Of course, we give the girls food, shelter, and clothing. —Case manager, youth shelter, St. Louis, MO I ntensive Case Management Program is the name and focus of our program. Our commitment is to meet the long-term needs of the persistently mentally ill. These clients will always need focused help, so when we enroll clients we take the long view. We do everything we can to help these folks. One of our goals is to normalize their experiences; we try to give them a life in the community. We also hope to reduce the stigma in the community. Some of the services we provide include daily living skills training, transportation, health needs, and medications. —Case manager, mental health comprehensive care services, Knoxville, TN The preceding quotations represent the words of case managers involved in the delivery of human services. This chapter introduces you to the subject and presents a model of case management that guides many helping professionals who work in human service delivery. Focus your reading and study on the following objectives. CASE MANAGEMENT DEFINED • Describe the context in which human service delivery occurs today. • Differentiate between traditional case management and case management today. THE PROCESS OF CASE MANAGEMENT • List the three phases of case management. • Identify the two activities of the assessment phase. • Illustrate the role of data gathering in assessment and planning. • Describe the helper’s role in service coordination. THREE COMPONENTS OF CASE MANAGEMENT • Define case review and list its benefits. The Role of Dynamic Factors and Static Criminal History Assignment Paper • Describe why there is the need for documentation and report writing in case management. • Trace the client’s participation in the three phases of case management. PRINCIPLES AND GOALS OF CASE MANAGEMENT • List the principles and goals that guide the case management process. • Describe how each principle influences the delivery of services. Case Management Defined The world in which case managers function is changing rapidly. Because of client tracking systems, the electronic transfer of records, dual-diagnosis clients, limited resources, and rapid communication capabilities, current service delivery is vastly different from that of a few years ago. One result is that the time between policy development and implementation is much shorter. Another is that many human service agencies and organizations have chosen to limit the services they provide. More and more, case managers need skills in teamwork, networking, referral, and coordination in order to obtain the services clients need. All this takes place in a constellation of service providers that continues to grow and change. Service delivery is affected by the current economic downturn and negative economic climate resulting in an expanding number of individuals, families, and communities needing help and support to meet basic needs. Rising unemployment and underemployment, loss of homes to foreclosures, rising health care costs, and increasing costs of postsecondary education, to name a few, are consequences of the late-2000s financial crisis in the United States (Altman, 2009). In addition, many individuals and communities are dealing with the aftermath of increasing weather-related crises. Changing demographics and multicultural perspectives present additional challenges to delivering case management services to clients in need. A report by Kotkin (2012) for the Smithsonian Institute described significant shifts to youthful and diverse. Accordingly, although there is an increase in the number of those over the age of sixty-five living in the United States, the number of those between fifteen and sixty-four is projected to increase by 42 percent. In addition, by 2050, it is projected that the minority population will increase from 30 percent to 50 percent of the population. The growth of the U.S. minorities reflects an increase in mixed-race individuals, Latinos, Asians, and immigrants from diverse countries and backgrounds. Immigration remains a significant aspect of the changing demographics globally. Experts anticipate that approximately one million people a year will come to the United States (University of Southern California, 2011), and that these immigrants will represent predominantly an educated and skilled workforce contributing to public and private businesses. In addition, the current political climate brings the role of government under close scrutiny, especially with regard to human services. How involved should government be in meeting human needs? What is its role? What is the proper relationship between state and federal governments? As these questions are examined and debated, case managers sometimes find themselves working under a cloud of uncertainty that influences the work they do, their professional identity, and their professional development. The quotations that introduced this chapter share a common theme: All three situations require providing and coordinating services for the individuals and families served. Our first case manager directs an agency that provides intensive case management to children and families with complex medical problems. In this agency, the case management process begins as early as the diagnosis of a medical problem and can be terminated once clients are back home and able to manage their own care. An assessment, planning, and coordination process supports clients. There is a continuous evaluation of both client needs and the effectiveness of the care provided. Because the ultimate goal is for the family to manage its own case, all plans and services focus on and build on family strengths. The services provided by the youth shelter are different. Its primary responsibility is to provide housing, assessment, and counseling for two weeks; the staff then makes appropriate referrals. Although contact is short term, the girls receive intensive physical and psychological care, participate in determining their own treatment plan, and receive shelter and nutritious food. The treatment plan is based on their needs, strengths, and interests. Accountability means developing plans based on the girls’ priorities as established on the day they arrive. The third case manager works in an agency that provides long-term managed care for people with mental illness. Rarely do they close a case. People with severe mental illness who reside in the community require service coordination that is long term, closely monitored, and supportive. The agency’s commitment to these clients is to assess their needs periodically and adjust plans and provide services accordingly. Often this agency is the only lifeline for these adults. Because the agency maintains a long-term relationship with clients, its staff develops ways to update assessments and service plans. The Role of Dynamic Factors and Static Criminal History Assignment Paper These diverse examples illustrate service delivery today. As you can see, the care varies from agency to agency, from helper to helper, and from client to client. One element each example has in common is the use of case management to coordinate and deliver services, moving an individual through the service delivery process from intake to closure. Traditional Case Management To define case management, it is helpful to look at the ways in which case management was traditionally regarded. In mental health service delivery in the 1970s, case management was a necessary component of service delivery because clients with complex needs required multiple services. Case management was a process linking clients to services that began with assessment and continued through intervention. In the 1980s, there was a shift in the focus of case management. Many professionals and clients objected to the use of the word manage because it connotes control. This language did not seem to reflect a commitment to client involvement or empowerment. Terms such as service coordination and care coordination were considered to indicate more completely these new goals of case management. Many believed that the term service coordination more accurately represented the primary work of the case management process—linking the client to services and monitoring progress. Jackson, Finkler, and Robinson (1992) describe the development of the term care coordination during their work with Project Continuity, which facilitated care for infants and toddlers who required repeated hospitalization and who qualified for intervention under the Education for All Handicapped Children Act (1975) and its 1986 amendment, the Preschool Infant/Toddler Program (PL 99-47; parts B and H). Over the course of this project, the term care coordination evolved from what is popularly described as case management. Staff expressed dissatisfaction with the case management term because they did not feel families should be viewed as cases needing to be managed. Therefore, The Role of Dynamic Factors and Static Criminal History Assignment Paper